Unions: Who, What, Where, How, and Why 

Introduction
If you're entering the workforce for the first time, you may hear people talk about “the union,” but understanding what unions do — and how they affect your career — isn’t always obvious. This beginner-friendly guide explains who unions are, what they do, how they work, and why unions matter in today’s job market. Whether you're exploring career pathways, skilled trades, apprenticeships, or simply trying to understand your rights as a new employee, this article will give you a clear and balanced introduction.

What Is a Union?

A union is an organization of workers who join together to negotiate better wages, fair treatment, safer working conditions, and stronger job security. Instead of negotiating alone, union members use collective bargaining to create agreements that protect everyone in the workplace.

Unions typically negotiate:

• Fair wages

• Work hours and scheduling

• Health and dental benefits

• Workplace safety standards

• Paid leave and overtime rules

• Apprenticeship and training programs

• Job stability and termination rights

Think of a union as a team of workers who support each other and work toward shared goals.

Who Joins a Union?

Millions of workers in Canada and the United States belong to unions. They exist in both the private and public sectors and are especially common in industries with structured career pathways.

Common unionized careers include:

• Skilled trades (electricians, carpenters, plumbers)

• Healthcare (nurses, paramedics, technicians)

• Education (teachers, educational assistants)

• Manufacturing and industrial positions

• Public service and government careers

• Transportation (transit operators, airline workers, drivers)

A union is made up of:

• Members: everyday employees

• Union representatives (stewards): who assist with workplace concerns

• Elected officers: who negotiate contracts and work with employers

Each person plays a role in supporting fair and consistent workplace standards.

Where Do Unions Operate?

Unions operate across both Canada and the United States, and although the laws vary by region, the purpose remains the same: to support workers and ensure fair workplace conditions.

In both countries, unions help workers by:

• Negotiating collective agreements

• Ensuring legal representation and workplace rights

• Supporting safety and fair treatment

• Providing training and apprenticeship opportunities

Even if you do not join a union, you may still work in a unionized environment, where the negotiated rules and protections apply to everyone.

How Do Unions Work?

The core of union activity is collective bargaining,  the negotiation process between the union and the employer.

How a union typically works:

1. Workers join a union or vote to unionize.

2. Union representatives negotiate wages, benefits, and workplace policies.

3. Workers vote to accept or reject the proposed contract.

4. Unions support workers with disputes, discipline issues, or layoffs.

5. When the contract expires, negotiations begin again.

Unions are funded by union dues, which support:

• Contract negotiations

• Legal support and workplace representation

• Training, courses, and certifications

• Apprenticeship programs

• Member services and protection

Why Do Unions Exist?

Unions exist to help workers have a stronger voice and to create safe, fair, and supportive workplaces.

Benefits of unions:

• Higher wages compared to many non-union jobs

• Stronger benefits, such as healthcare and pensions

• Job security and support during disputes

• Clear workplace rules and protections

• Access to training, apprenticeships, and mentorship

• A structured path for career growth

Potential drawbacks:

• Union dues or fees

• Less ability to negotiate personal contracts

• Decisions made by collective voting

• Strikes may temporarily affect income

This balanced perspective helps new workers understand that unions are a tool — and like any tool, they work better for some people and situations than others.

How Unions Can Shape Your Career Path

For young workers entering the workforce, unions often offer advantages that help build a stable and successful career.

Union benefits for new workers include:

• Paid apprenticeships in skilled trades

• Career progression with predictable wage increases

• Training programs and certifications

• Mentorship from experienced workers

• Job stability during the early years of employment

These supports make unions especially valuable in skilled trades, healthcare, education, public service, and transportation careers.

For those who prefer more independent negotiation or flexible roles, non-union environments may be a better fit.

Conclusion

Understanding unions gives you a clearer picture of the modern workplace and helps you make informed decisions about your future. Whether you choose to work in a unionized environment or not, knowing the who, what, where, how, and why of unions empowers you as you begin your professional journey.

*As you enter the workforce, remember: the more informed you are, the stronger your start will be.